Flashcards! (Consistently Updated) - Last Updated 02/07

Hi Everyone, 

This blog post will consist of what I am currently using as flashcards (Questions & Answers), this is for personal reference. 

What are runts? - Ethernet Frames less than 64 Bytes.
Jumbo (Giant) Frame - >1500 bytes (With bad FCS)
Baby Giant Frame - Slightly Bigger than 1500 bytes
Babbles -The number of transmitted frames greater than 1518 bytes in size.

What technology does CDP rely on? - Layer 2 
What heavily relies on CDP? - VoIP

lldp commands? 
lldp run
lldp transmit 
lldp receive 

what does ARP do? - maps IP Addresses (Layer 3) to MAC Addresses (Layer 2), keep getting these muddled up!.

New TCP/IP Stack - Application (App,Pres,Ses), Transport (Trans), Network (Network), Data Link (DataLink), Physical (Physical)  

TCP Handshake - 
SYN: The client sends a SYN to the server.
SYN-ACK: In response, the server replies with a SYN-ACK.
ACK: Finally, the client sends an ACK back to the server.


Protocol Number/Type -
21 TCP FTP control
22 TCP SSH
23 TCP Telnet
25 TCP SMTP
53 UDP and TCP DNS
67 and 68 UDP DHCP
69 UDP TFTP
80 TCP HTTP
110 TCP POP3
161 UDP SNMP
443 TCP SSL/TLS (HTTPS)
514 UDP Syslog
520 UDP RIP

AD Measurements - 
Connected - 0 
Static Route - 1
External BGP - 20
EIGRP - 90
OSPF - 110
IS-IS - 115
RIP -120

How Routers Make Decision by default 
Longest match 
Administrative distance  
Routing protocol metric

Types of IPv6 - 
    ::0/28 - Unspecified 
    ::1/28 - Loopback
    2000::/3 - Global (2000 - 3fff) - Basically Public IP
    FF00::/8 - Multicast 
    Fe80::/10 - Link Local 


RIPv2 metric?
Hop count

OSPF metric?
The sum of all interface cost settings for all links in a route,
with the cost defaulting to be based on interface bandwidth

EIGRP metric?
Calculation based on
bandwidth and delay

OSPF Operations 
Discover neighbors 
Form Adjacency 
Flood Link State Database 
Compute Shortest Path 
Install Best routes into table 
Respond to network changes 

OSPF Packet Types 
Hello
DBD Database Description 
LSR Link State Request 
LSU
LSAck


What does HSRP do?
Creates a virtual link with a virtual IP that provides fault tolerance to routers and is used as the PC's default gateway. 

Spanning Tree Standards -
STP - 802.1d
RSTP - 802.1w
MSTP - 802.1s

Port Security -
Static 
Dynamic 
Sticky 

Port Violation - 
Shutdown
Protect 
Restrict 

What is the standard ACL range?
1 - 99 = Standard 
What is the extended ACL range?
100 -199 = Extended 

Updates -
17/06/2020 - IPv6, AD
18/06/2020 - OSPF 
19/06/2020 - Syslog
24/06/2020 - HSPR
26/06/2020 - STP
29/06/2020 - Port security/violation
30/06/2020 - ACL 

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